Arthrosis is a degenerative disease -Distophical of the joints, characterized by the slow and progressive destruction of the intra -articular cartilage. Arthrosis includes a group of joint diseases of an inflammatory destructive nature, which have different similar development causes and mechanisms.
Arthrosis is one of the most common diseases in the world that occupies a leadership position in women and men over 30, and with age the risk of developing the disease only increases.
The causes of pathology
Arthrosis develops as a result of a violation of metabolic processes in the joints, at the bottom of which intra -articular cartilage begins to lose water and does not become elastic. The predisposing factors of such changes in cartilage can be internal and external causes:
- hormonal changes;
- characteristics related to age;
- genetic predisposition;
- rheumatoid arthritis;
- Excessive articulation load;
- Injuries and damage: dislocations, fractures, serious bruises, ligament rupture;
- Changes in metabolism within the articulation associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus;
- hypothermia;
- Lower and unbalanced nutrition, as a result of which the body does not receive calcium, omega-3 and 6, fats and proteins;
- inflammatory process in the joint;
- violation of the blood supply to the femoral head: the disease of Pertes;
- problems with blood coagulation, hereditary diseases;
- Autoimmune diseases: red lupus, rheumatoid arthritis.
Specific diseases that have nothing to do with the joints, namely: namely: namely:
- syphilis;
- hyperthyroidism;
- thyroiditis
At risk are the people who participate in a great physical work, are constantly forced to hypothermia and experience a greater burden on musculoskeletal systems, blacksmiths, athletes, engines and pregnant women.
Symptoms of osteoarthritis
The first symptom of osteoarthritis is the pain in the slightest load of the joint, which happens quickly as soon as the joint is alone. Arthrosis is characterized by 4 basic clinical signs:
- Pain: pain in osteoarthritis has some characteristics, in contrast to pain in case of random hematoma of the joint or the inflammatory process. First, you must pay attention to the appearance of discomfort and pain with any movement and load in the affected joint. It is worth it that a person stops moving and eliminating the load, since the pain passes immediately, which does not happen when injured or inflammation of the joint. At night, the collapseing joint practically does not cause discomfort to the patient and painful sensations are possible only when the position of the body is changed, but quickly passes. With a pronounced progression of destructive processes within the articulation, acute pain at night can occur, which eventually strengthens and make their lifestyle adjustments. Acute pain occurs with any change in the weather, the change of phases of the moon, the slightest load.
- Cryst - This sound appears as a result of a decrease in the softness of the rotation of the bones around the joint, which leads to the friction of the bones with each other and is accompanied by a characteristic crunch. As the degenerative processes progress in the joint, the crunch becomes more pronounced and is accompanied by pain.
- Limit the mobility of the articulation: in the initial stage of the development of the pathological process of pronounced restrictions of mobility, but as the destruction of the joint progresses, it is increasingly difficult for the patient to perform simple actions. Ultimately, the affected joint becomes completely immobilized.
- Joint deformation: osteophytes begin to grow actively on the surface of the bone and the synovial fluid accumulates. The deformation of the joint is observed in an advanced degree of pathological process.
Degenerative processes in the articulation do not develop rapidly, the disease is characterized by exacerbation and remission stages, of which patients are not in a hurry to seek medical help, which contributes to the progression of destructive processes within the articulation.
Stages
The stage of progression of the pathological process in the articulation is determined using the x -ray exam. Only 4 stages of the disease are distinguished:
- First: characterized by a slight narrowing of the joint gap, while there are no pathological growth in the bones;
- The second: there is a slight narrowing of the joint gap, the osteophytes are formed on the surface of the bone;
- The third: The joint gap is reduced, on the surface of multiple bone osteophytes, the joint is observed;
- The fourth: There is practically no articular gap, there are multiple osteophytes, a pronounced joint deformation.
Degree
Osteoarthritis is expressed in the form of degenerative-destructive processes in the joint, as a result of which the cartilage is affected, changes in the capsule and the synovial joint of the joint are being developed, as well as in the ligaments around it and the bone structures. Depending on the severity and severity of this destruction, it is customary to distinguish 3 degrees of osteoarthritis.
The first grade
There is no deformation or pronounced changes in the joint, but the composition of the synovial fluid is altered; This leads to an insufficient provision of joint tissues with nutrients, water and microelements, as a result of the cartilage it does not become elastic and does not adapt to the loads. Over time, this causes inflammatory processes and is accompanied by pain during movement and load in the joint.
In the first degree of osteoarthritis, no one of their patients seeks medical help, attributing discomfort and pain to an uncomfortable possession during sleep, fatigue and an incorrect lifestyle. Sometimes, the patient can notice a characteristic crunch in the area of the affected joint, but this is not accompanied by severe pain, but only by discomfort, to which no one again pays significant attention.
If osteoarthritis is accidentally diagnosed in the first stage, then the disease is easily treated.
The second grade
At this stage, the disease is accompanied by destructive cartilage tissue processes within the joint. Osteophytes grow intensely on the surface of the bone, and the more intensely the load in the damage zone, the more pronounced the destruction will progress.
At the same time, the patient complains of constant pain of a real nature, which periodically passes on his own and cannot be felt for a long time. Then the disease progresses again. In the context of such a pathological process, the muscles surrounding the inflamed joint gradually lose their functions, of which the patient quickly gets tired and cannot resist physical activity, which easily lost before. In the second degree of osteoarthritis, the patient gradually progresses in the deformation of the cartilage and the joint.
The third grade
It is the most difficult. The intra -articular cartilage of the affected joint is more thin and destroyed intensely, which leads to a clearly remarkable deformation and deteriorated functions of the affected limb. The ligaments and muscles located next to the joint are nutrient deficiency and oxygen and gradually atrophy, which is accompanied by a pronounced loss of mobility. At the same time, the patient is tormented by acute pain all the time, which is reinforced by any attempt to change the position of the body, with changes in the conditions and climatic phases of the moon and gradually lead to a complete loss of legal capacity.
Types of osteoarthritis
Depending on the cause of the pathological process, primary, secondary and idiopathic osteoarthritis is distinguished within the joint.
Primary develops as an independent, secondary disease, as a result of an injury or infection, and the cause of the idiopathic form is unknown. In addition to the classification of the disease, depending on the cause of the pathological process, osteoarthritis is distinguished in the place of location of destructive changes:
- Gonarrosis is the most common type of pathology, characterized by damage to knee joints. Most of the time, gonarrosis is detected in people with excess weight, with chronic metabolic diseases in the body, weak immunity. Knee osteoarthritis progresses for a long time and gradually leads to a complete loss of motor function.
- The osteoarthritis of the ankle: the main causes of the development of degenerative processes in the ankle joint suffer injuries, dislocations, stretching, fractures. In some cases, the development of the pathological process can cause an autoimmune disease: rheumatoid arthritis. Ankle osteoarthritis is prone to dancers, women with high heels, athletes.
- The osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint is the main cause of the degenerative processes in this area are congenital abnormalities of the development of the shoulder joint or excessive loads in this area, for example, when heavy on the shoulders are used.
- Coksarrosis or osteoarthritis of the hip joint: the main cause of the occurrence are the changes related to age in the joints of the joint. At risk, people over 45 years old.
- The osteoarthritis of the cervical region: the causes are neck injuries, progressive osteochondrosis, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle. At risk, people who work on the computer are in offices. In addition to severe pain in the neck, patients have pronounced dizziness, inhibition of consciousness, deterioration of memory and fatigue. These symptoms are due to the compression of the vertebral artery through which nutrients and oxygen enter the brain.
- Spondylelartrosis: destructive destruction is subject to tissues of the spine, namely its lumbar department. In a woman's risk group during the occurrence of menopause, since spondilatrosis progresses in the context of a female sex hormones deficiency.
- Osteoarthrosis of the fingers: It develops for the same reason as spondilatrosis.
- Polyarrosis: characterized by damage to multiple joints with progressive degenerative processes in them, while ligaments, muscles and surroundings of the tissue joint are involved in the pathological process.
Treatment of osteoarthritis
The treatment of osteoarthritis is best performed in the early stages, then the disease succumbs to conservative therapy methods. It is very important to correctly establish the cause of the progressive destructive changes in the articulation and stop these factors over time.
The treatment of osteoarthritis is carried out in an integral way and consists in eliminating the inflammatory process, stopping pain syndrome, stopping the progression of the pathological process and, if possible, restoring lost articular functions. Conservative therapy includes the selection of medications and methods of physiotherapeutic treatment.
Drug treatment
The treatment of osteoarthritis is different with different places of location of the pathological process:
- Osteoarthritis of the fingers and hands: prescribe non -steroid anti -inflammatory drugs in the form of cream ointments, gel. To avoid the progression of the pathological process, the technique of the condroprotectors is shown. After stopping an acute inflammatory process, physiotherapeutic massages and methods of therapy are prescribed.
- With the osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint: within the joint, the patient is injected with analgesics injectively and non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs. Oboran can prescribe admission medications that will relax the muscles and slightly reduce the intensity of pain. After the relief of acute inflammation and pain, physiotherapy and massage are indicated.
- Osteoarthritis of the knee joint: prescribe non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs locally in the type of compresses, ointments, gels. The area of the affected joint shows physiotherapeutic methods of therapy.
- The osteoarthritis of the hip joint: compressing them impregnated with ointment or gel of the NSAID group apply to the area of the lesion, and analgesics injected into the joint.
- The osteoarthritis of the knee joint and gels with an analgesic effect apply to the damage zone, and after the relief of acute pain and inflammation, physiotherapeutic methods of treatment are indicated.
- Ankle osteoarthritis: The patient is recommended by strict rest with the maximum rest of the affected joint. As the acute inflammatory process decreases, physiotherapeutic procedures, bathrooms, massages are prescribed.
Physiotherapeutic treatment
Effective physiotherapeutic methods, often used in several degrees of severity of osteoarthritis, include:
- Shock wave treatment effectively eliminates the patient from osteophyte growth, thus eliminating pain and restrictions of joint mobility;
- Muscle stimulation around the affected joint with electricity: this procedure is very effective for patients with pronounced limited mobility and allows it to improve blood circulation in the joint, accelerate regenerative processes, increase muscle tone;
- Ozone therapy: A mixture of gas is introduced into the cavity of the affected joint, because the patient decreases, the mobility of the joint is normalized and the signs of inflammation disappear. For the maximum effect, ozone therapy is carried out in courses;
- Phonoforesis: The effect on the area of ultrasound wave damage using drugs. This method for using drugs is much more effective, since ultrasonic waves deliver the medication directly to the lesion.
In addition, physi-therapy treatment includes exercise therapy, massages, manual therapy, mechanotherapy.
Dietary nutrition
Diet with osteoarthritis should be the most balanced and rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, trace elements. It is recommended to include fresh fish, vegetable oils, cottage cheese, dairy products, meat, fresh vegetables and fruits in the diet.
"Fast" flour and carbohydrates, chocolate, coffee, alcohol, pork, glasses and sharp dishes should be excluded from the diet.